Civil buildings choose appropriate structural forms based on the height of the building, its functional use, seismic performance, and ground hydrological survey reports.
Civil buildings choose appropriate structural forms based on the height of the building, usage function, seismic performance, and ground hydrological survey reports. Today, I will introduce ten knowledge points about 'structural forms' in steel structure buildings.
1. What are the classifications and characteristics of common structural systems?
Common structural systems include brick-concrete structures, frames, shear walls, frames, shear walls, columns, trusses, grids, arches, suspension structures, and thin-walled spaces. Steel structures mainly include portal steel frames, frames, trusses, and grids, each with different advantages, disadvantages, and forms of force. In actual buildings, there are usually two or more combined structural forms.
2. What are the common structural characteristics and application examples of steel structures?
Portal structures have simple stress, clear force transmission paths, and fast construction speed. They are widely used in industrial and civil buildings, such as industrial, commercial, cultural, and entertainment public facilities.
Steel frames have flexible layouts, allowing for larger spaces. They are widely used in multi-story, high-rise, and super high-rise buildings, commercial office buildings, conference centers, and other structures.
The advantage of steel trusses is that they can use smaller cross-section rods to form larger cross-section components. They are commonly used in industrial and civil buildings, such as roofs, bridges, TV towers, mast towers, offshore oil platforms, corridors, and other buildings with large spans or heights.
Steel grids are high-order hyperstatic spatial structures composed of many rods according to certain rules. They have small spatial forces, light weight, strong stiffness, and good seismic resistance. They can be used as roofs for buildings such as gymnasiums, exhibition halls, waiting rooms, canopies, and hangars.
3. What is the structural system composition of portal frame factory buildings?
Steel structure workshops are divided into light steel workshops and heavy steel workshops. The workshop structural system mainly consists of steel columns, wind-resistant columns, railing columns, roof steel beams, crane beams, inter-column braces, roof truss horizontal braces, wall panels, and roof structures, composed of skylight frames and tie rods. The main body of the portal frame can be single-span, multi-span, or multi-layer, with an economical span of about 24-30m.
4. What are the common nodes of portal frame factory buildings?
Common nodes of portal steel frames include column foot nodes, beam-column nodes, truss beam nodes, inter-column support nodes, tie rod connection nodes, and eaves support nodes.
5. What is the composition of the steel frame structural system?
For steel frames, as the number of floors and height increase, in addition to bearing larger vertical loads, the requirements for lateral resistance (wind loads, seismic effects, etc.) have also become a major bearing characteristic of the frame. The basic structural systems are usually divided into three types: column-supported systems, pure frame systems, and frame-supported systems. Among them, the frame-supported system is widely used in actual projects. This system uses pure steel frames horizontally and arranges an appropriate number of vertical column supports longitudinally to enhance longitudinal stiffness, thereby reducing the amount of steel used in the frame and forming larger spaces.
6. What are the common joints in steel frames?
Common nodes in steel frames include column foot nodes, column splicing nodes, beam-column nodes, beam-beam nodes, support nodes, and column top nodes.
7. What is the composition of the steel truss structural system?
A truss is a structure composed of multiple rods, with each rod connected at both ends by hinges, which can be divided into planar truss frames and spatial trusses. Based on the cross-sectional form of the components, they can be divided into tubular trusses, H-shaped steel trusses, box-section trusses, angle steel trusses, etc. The truss generally consists of upper chords, lower chords, vertical rods, and diagonals, with supports between the network and trusses. The amount of steel used in trusses is less than that in solid web beams, resulting in lighter structural weight and greater stiffness. They are widely used in high-rise buildings, large-span structures, and bridges.
8. What are the common joints of steel trusses?
Common nodes of steel trusses mainly include vertical rods that connect the nodes of the upper and lower chords; diagonal web members that connect the nodes of the upper and lower chords; and truss connection nodes.
9. What is the composition of the steel grid structural system?
A grid is a spatial structure formed by multiple rods connected at nodes in a certain grid form. There are many types of grids, which can be classified according to different standards. In China, they are usually divided into crossed truss system grids, triangular pyramid system grids, quadrilateral pyramid system grids, and hexagonal cone system grids. Plane grids mainly consist of chords, diagonal webs, intermediate nodes, and support nodes.
10. What are the common nodes of steel grids?
Grids mainly include plate nodes, welded hollow ball nodes, bolt ball nodes, and support nodes. Plate joints are suitable for light steel grid structures. The connection between rods and angle braces is made through welding or high-strength bolt connections. Hollow ball socket joints and bolt ball socket joints are suitable for grid structures made of tubular rods.
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Do you know ten key points about steel structure forms?
Civil buildings choose appropriate structural forms based on the height of the building, its functional use, seismic performance, and ground hydrological survey reports. Today, I will introduce ten key points about 'structural forms' in steel structure buildings.
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